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APOLOGETICS |
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What Unitarian Universalists Are
Taught About
Jesus Christ By
Dr. John
Ankerberg, Dr. John Weldon |
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Unitarian Universalists have almost as
many views of Jesus Christ as are imaginable, but most
of them see Him as a good man with good teachings, not
so different from the good and wise men in all ages.
There is one consensus about Christ, however, which
seems to find universal Unitarian Universalist [UU]
agreement: He is not an atoning Savior. UU minister
Waldeman Argow declares of UU’s: "They do not regard him
as a supernatural creature, the literal son of God who
was miraculously sent to earth as part of an involved
plan for the salvation of human souls." 1
In fact, Argow maintains incorrectly that to accept the
biblical portrait (which incidentally, teaches both His
full humanity and His undiminished deity), is to make
Him irrelevant, for then, supposedly, He is a God that
man cannot relate to.
But if, as some early Christians began
to do, you take a heathen view, and make him a God,
the Son of God in a peculiar and exclusive sense—much
of the significance of his character is gone. His
virtue has no merit; his love no feeling; his cross no
burden; his agony no pain. His death is an illusion;
his resurrection but a show.2
(Theodore Parker, who originally made the
above statement at his famous May 19, 1841, Boston
lecture, surprisingly enough, began his sermon by
quoting Luke 21:33. This is where Jesus said, "Heaven
and earth will pass away, but my words will not pass
away"!) For most UU’s today Jesus’ words have passed
away and have little if any relevance.
While UU’s of the religious persuasion
claim to respect and revere Jesus, it is principally a
Jesus of their own making. They therefore discard those
historical events in the life of Christ which they
dislike (particularly the miracles), even while claiming
they are "much more impressed by and committed to the
historical Jesus than by, or to the theological Christ,"
as if the two ideas could in any sense be separated.3
Certainly, responsible recent biblical
scholarship attempts no such arbitrary division. The
"theological" Christ is the historical Christ if we are
giving any deference at all to Scripture or facts of
history.
At best, for UU’s, Jesus is an example of
one who had faith in humanity, but never the object of
faith for humanity (John 3:16) or a revealer of the one
true God (John 17:3). From "the babe in the manger
legend" to the "symbolism as poetry" of the
resurrection, the life of the biblical Jesus is
either rejected or ridiculed.
Even as far back as 1867 (and before),
Jesus Christ was being assaulted by Unitarianism. The
"Fifty Affirmations of Free Religion" of the Unitarian
Free Religious Association (1867) stated in point 34
their desire that "the completion of the religious
protest against authority must be the extinction of
faith in the Christian Confession [i.e., here, the
belief that Jesus was the Messiah]."4
By capitulating to and endorsing the
highly dubious methods and findings of higher criticism
(e.g., The Jesus Seminar), most UU ministers and laymen
today believe they can know little or nothing of the
"real" Jesus. They support these methods despite a flood
of apologetic material refuting the biases and errors of
such liberal scholarship. Perhaps with modern man in
general today we could say the average UU is not really
interested in the historic evidence for the biblical
portrait, but that they believe what they want to
believe, because it allows them to live as they want. We
again find a refreshing frankness, at least
occasionally:
I have my own picture of Jesus, a
fictional picture of course, but as valid for me as
any of the other fictional pictures. It is based on
descriptions and narratives in the Gospels and I admit
I have taken only those things that I want for my
picture and have ignored those things I do not want.5
To reject the
deity of Christ, one must also logically reject every
facet of it, from predictive prophecy (Isa. 9:6; Mic.
5:2) to incarnation (Phil. 2:1-10) to virgin birth,
miracles, atonement, resurrection and ascension; other
words one must reject the totality of His person and
mission. Thus the birth of Christ is nothing special:
"many UU’s hold in reverence the event of Jesus’ birth,
although many more would say that not only his birth but
that of every child is holy."6
Neither is His incarnation unique. The
most influential English Unitarian, James Martineau
(1805-1900), stated what has come to be a common belief
among UU’s: "The incarnation is true, not of Christ
exclusively, but of Man universally."7
Neither is the Person of Jesus unique: "I admire the
spiritual force and ethical direction of the Nazarene,
but he was neither perfect nor infallible. He is not to
be worshipped."8
This same minister declares, "I accept Jesus as my
Christ," and states he hopes to be "true to his (Jesus
Christ’s) discipleship."
Ralph Waldo Emerson, biblical antagonist
and leader of the transcendentalist movement, spent two
years in the Unitarian ministry. His famous July 15,
1838, "Harvard Divinity School Address" reflects the
views of a majority of modern UU’s: "Historic
Christianity has fallen into the error that corrupts all
attempts to communicate religion…. It has dwelt, it
dwells, with noxious exaggeration about the person
of Jesus."9
The following statements are
representative examples of various UU opinions about
Christ:
A rather ordinary human being. 10
Jesus of
Nazareth is regarded not as a supernatural being but
as a pre-eminently inspired and noble religious
leader.11
In the
providence of God, Jesus is but one of mankind’s
Christs—all times and cultures have their anointed
suffering servants.12
Jesus began
his ministry with a sense of inadequacy. He went to
the Jordan to be cleansed for he knew his
imperfection.13 (Few UU’s have seen Christ
as sinless. Writers such as James Reilly contended
that because Christ was a man, he was guilty of the
sin of Adam. 14)
We do not seek to belittle Jesus but to
exalt him as the great human he was.... We do
not dogmatize on his nature. 15
Each person
may imagine the historical Jesus as he wishes, and
within the broad limitations of scholarship and
credibility, he will be as nearly right about the
matter as anyone else—probably not very nearly right….
The important aspect… is not the historical Jesus….
Matthew, Mark, Luke and John put into their pictures
of Jesus what they needed to have there in order to
make him what they believed him to be, the supreme
human who was also God…. I find it exhilarating to
believe that the perfection we have poured into the
figure of Jesus; has come from… human imagination, and
ethical aspiration. Today it is a greater perfection
than it was for the gospel writers…. I’m for a better
and better Jesus, born from the aspiring heart of
humanity.16
Finally, UU minister and professor Jack
Mendelsohn repeats the long discredited "Paul invented
Jesus" view for which there was never even a shred of
evidence:
Most of us believe that on the basis of
the evidence available to us, Jesus, at most, thought
of himself as the Jewish Messiah. It was later
followers and interpreters, like the Apostle Paul, who
transformed Jesus into a Christian Savior atoning to
God for the sins of mankind.
Thus Mendelsohn claims that the deity of
Christ and the Trinity were never believed in by
Christians until officially formulated at the Nicean
council in 325 AD: "The deity of Jesus thus became the
official orthodoxy of Christian religion."17
This too, is proven incorrect by looking at numerous
early church Fathers who unequivocably defended Christ’s
deity.
Paul could hardly have invented a "new
Jesus,18
for He was initially an orthodox Pharisee who hated both
Jesus and his followers. If anything, Paul wanted Jesus
kept in the grave. Yet soon after the crucifixion he was
proclaiming Jesus Christ as the resurrected Hebrew
Messiah, Son of God, and atoning Savior (Acts 9:20-29;
Gal. 1:9-2:16). Paul had the means and the ability to
check his facts; he would not have endured a life of
much suffering and then died for Christ unless he was
convinced He was indeed the prophesied Messiah. Only a
miracle could have transformed "Saul" into "Paul." The
position of unbelief is the one which must present some
valid evidence for its views, for the clear weight of
the evidence favors Paul’s position, one that is in
complete harmony with the teachings of the Jesus of the
Gospels. Thus, Christ himself was well aware he was the
Messiah and that He was to be the One making atonement
for the sins of the world (Matt. 20:28; Jn. 10:17; Matt.
16:15-27; Jn. 1:29; 4:25-26, 10:33, 11:25, etc.).
He also knew He was deity (Jn. 5:18;
10:30), and it is a fact that the earliest Christians
believed in the deity of Christ and the Trinity. Nicea
did not "invent" the Trinity; it simply recognized
"officially" the already commonly accepted Christian
beliefs. In fact, so many "unitarian" heresies were
spreading that it was necessary and wise to officially
declare biblical doctrines as a standard measure.
It is, of course, always simple to
maintain a religious belief of one’s choosing:
objectively documenting it is another story.
Notes:
1 Waldeman
Atgow, "Unitarian Universalism: Some Questions
Answered," UUA pamphlet, p. 6.
2 Conrad
Wright, Three Prophets of Religious LIberalism:
Channing, Emerson, Park, (Boston, MA: Beacon
Press, 1978), p. 137.
3 Argow, op
cit., p. 6.
4 David
Parke, The Epic of Unitarianism Original
Writings from the History of Liberal Religion
(Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1969), p. 123.
5 Gilbert
Phillips in Brandock Lovely (ed.), "Unitarian
Universalist Views of Jesus," pp. 7-8, UUA pamphlet.
6 H. Frost,
"Unitarian Universalist Views of Christmas," UUA
pamphlet.
7 Quoted by
Richard Fewkes, in Brandock Lovely (ed), op cit.,
UUA pamphlet, p. 4; cf. Parke, op cit., pp. 72-76.
8 Ronald
Mazur, "Viewpoints Within Unitarian Universalist
Christianity," p. 5, UUA pamphlet.
9 Conrad
Wright, Three Prophets of Religious Liberalism,
p. 99.
10 Harry
Stokes, "Toward an Understanding of Christian
Revelation, UUCF pamphlet, p. 5.
11 John
Booth, "Introducing Unitarian Universalism," p. 13,
UUA pamphlet.
12 R.
Mazur, in Lovely (ed.), op cit., p. 5, UUA pamphlet.
13 G. A.
Marshall, "Unitarian Universalists Believe," p. 4,
UUA pamphlet.
14 Ernest
Cassar, Universalism in America (Boston, MA:
Beacon Press, 1971), p. 71.
15 G. N.
Marshall, op cit., p. 4.
16 John
MacKinnon, "Unitarian Universalist Views of Jesus," p.
6, UUA pamphlet, May, 1976.
17 Jack
Mendelsohn, Why I Am a Unitarian Universalist
(Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1966), p. 43.
18 Machen’s
The Origin of Paul’s Religion should be
consulted for a thorough refutation of this idea.
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Copyright 2006, Ankerberg Theological Research Institute |